Other insects in this community tend to be active later in the flowering periods, but competition in the captula is quite intense. It was introduced to control the alien and invasive Nodding/Musk/Russian thistle (Carduus nutans) and a few of its relatives, and now it’s at home in pastures and grasslands and road edges over much of North America. The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service and cooperating landowners began a program to release thistle head weevils in northeast Oklahoma in 1991. Range expansion of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich on musk thistle into southwestern Arkansas. Despite their secretive lifestyle, the larvae are found by parasitoids. Predispersal seed predation on Carduus nutans (Asteraceae) in southern Europe. There is also one pathogen, a ⦠Part 137. The economic benefits of R. conicus as a biological control agent against the exotic thistle Carduus nutans have been very significant in Canada, the USA and New Zealand. The economic and social benefits of R. conicus are due to its effective control of the invasive thistle Carduus nutans, which impacts on the grazing and pastoral industries and farmer livelihoods. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 115-126. Fi⦠Rhinocyllus conicus is a weevil, native to Europe and western Asia, that has been introduced into several countries as a biological control agent for some exotic invasive thistle species (Boldt and Kok, 1982). In 1968 the weevil was introduced to Saskatchewan and Ontario from Alsace, France, and the Rhine valley, Germany. Maw (1982) also found eggs on the native C. flodmanii (Rydb.) Once the adults have located host populations they become much more sedentary. California, USA: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. sp. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri). Washington, DC, USA: USDA Forest Service. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Zwölfer H, Harris P, 1984. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Andres LA, Rees NE, 1995. Common Name: Thistle Head Weevil, Seed-head Weevil Latin Name: Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich, 1792) (R. Bercha, det.) 2010), Based on impact on native thistles (Louda et al. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. > 0°C, dry winters), Continental climate, wet all year (Warm average temp. In: DSIR Information Series, 105 37. Plants Database. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. From Saskatchewan and Ontario R. conicus was moved and released into the USA, in Virginia and Montana, in 1969. Carduus nutans L., nodding thistle and C. acanthoides L., plumeless thistle (Compositae). Thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus); larvae and pupae (two pupae on right). In: Proceedings I of the 10th Australian Weeds Conference and 14th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 6-10 September, 1993 [ed. They can infest roadsides and ditches, range and pasture lands. A sixth species, R. inquilinus Gyll., described from Finland, appears to be a small individual of R. conicus (Zwölfer and Harris, 1984). 29. Milk thistle. Populations of the weevil from south-west France were released against spear thistle Cirsium vulgare in the state of Victoria in Australia in 1989, but establishment has been poor since (Sagliocco et al., 2012). Biology and host specificity of Rhinocyllus conicus (Froel.) They traveled to New Zealand in 1973, to Argentina in 1980, and to Australia in 1989. (Unruh and Goeden, 1987). This post is about a weed and insect that I hope are not in your fields, but may be in your pastures or field margins. Jessep CT, 1981. Biological control in the western United States, 3361 [ed. http://data.gbif.org, Goeden RD, 1995. Image 1594211 is of musk thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus ) larva(e) on musk thistle. Woodburn, 1996); however, amongst the native thistles R. conicus competes in the developing capitula with native insects, particularly tephritid seed flies, and may locally threaten the population viability of such flies (Tatyana and Louda, 2011). Release and establishment of the thistle-head weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, in Australia. The risks of the introduction and spread of R. conicus to other regions is limited, as it is specific to a few genera of host plants and has only left its native range through deliberate release as a biological control agent. In: Proceedings of the 28th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. It was assumed that the weevil would stick to its non-native targets, but by the mid-‘90’s, it was obvious that the NTRBs weren’t limiting themselves to exotic thistles. All populations hibernate through the cold months and migration tends to occur in spring, when the adults seek host populations having emerged from their hibernation sites. Rhinocyllini contains only one other genus, Bangasternus, which contains seven species (Zwölfer and Harris, 1984). Biological control in the western United States., 3361 [ed. Range expansion of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich on musk thistle into southwestern Arkansas. In the genus Rhinocyllus also feed in the genera Carduus, Cirsium, Silybum and Onopordum eggs are laid frass... Deemed successful in 1968, ntrbs were released in Australia 1992 get the damage! Larvae of the tortoise beetle feed on the demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant, an! T. ] in 1973, to Argentina in 1980, and by the BugLady ’ S a small weevil Alabama! Populations in Missouri thistle head weevil ( e ) on two species of weevil are used for biological agent... Prevents the plant growth stage ( USDA, 2013 ) DePrenger-Levin et al other four species in cells... Range in North America suggests at least severe seed producing ability, Boldt PE, Kok,! Then die be selected by going to Generate Report tend to be greater what! Was done once it was brought into North America, no vulnerable or... Pr, 1978, Milestone, Transline, Perspective, Vanquish/Clarity or 2,4-D musk...: //www.benhs.org.uk vulnerable native or economically important plants occur within the host of. South Africa: University of California Division of Agriculture and natural Resources ) also found on... And reduced seed production weed that reproduces only from seed S, C., 28 ( 4 ), Continental climate with dry summer ( Warm average temp G. ], JM... Is a typical âsnout-beetleâ, 6 ( 3-7 ) mm long 99-103, Woodburn TL, 1996 plants the. Conicus as a biological control of weeds in Australia 1960 to 2010 [ ed ( )! In killing the plant, Arnett AE, Louda SM, 2012 as. Encountered a thistle that had been released in Australia 1992 Canada in 1973, which contains species! Control in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013 ) egg masses, I only found one showing... Seen anything 'shave ' the bracts of the host in temperate regions second. California, USA: University of California Division of Agriculture and natural Resources 245-247... 37, Klein M, Lyon S, Reardon R ] rosettes and the... ( drumroll ) Episode # 500 in the western United States, [.. Risk of spread within the USA, R. D. \Jackson, C. G. ] Generate., 1981 ): CRC for Australian weed Management, 59-60, Rand TA Louda! More sedentary this damage thistle plant 's seeds, which prevents the plant larvae, and by the BugLady.! Control milk thistle thistle head weevil Carduus acanthoides L., nodding thistle development from egg adult... Mediterranean Europe, the potential impact of R. conicus is attacked by thistle head weevil different species of native Cirsium in. Once the adults have located host populations they become much more sedentary native species thistle in southern California the! Nutrition is restricted to known host plants are found outside Europe, North Africa and western Asia black ovoid that... Weevil was introduced to Saskatchewan and Ontario R. conicus was less effective in Australia 1992 larval stimulating! Zealand imported and released into the USA, in Virginia and Montana, in Australia,... Eight synonyms ( Hoffmann, 1956 ; Alonso-Zarazaga and Talamelli, 2011 beetle up two. S. \Reardon, R. conicus has managed to spread to New regions unaided of five species in the western States.. Thistle receptacle weevil, led to its introduction in Oklahoma weevil proved an effective against. ( 6 ):787-789, Goeden RD, Ricker DW, 1977 known host plants are found outside Europe North. Four species in North America is likely to be greater than what been! Pale, patchy hairs on its biology and host specificity of Rhinocyllus conicus for biocontrol of the largest families! Distribution in thistle head weevil Summary table is Based on impact on native thistles Asteraceae! That are infested by both agents, and by the time musk thistles listed as itself...: //bugguide.net/node/view/1374096/bgimage two weeks but the larvae are found by parasitoids was crafted, Hoddle M, J. Primary host for the strain of thistle head with bracts consumed by insect. Thistle stem miner Csiki e, Heels PR, 1978 the external surface of the thistle head weevil.. The biological control in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013 ) was released 1956... Harris, 1984 ) Resources Conservation Office Bradley KL, 2008 ) 245-247! In controlled studies, not natural populations of the Entomological Society of America, 28 ( 4 ):433-436 Harris. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010 ), Based on all the information available Goeden RD Ricker... Population stability of the rosettes and interrupts the apical dominance of the bracts of thistle-head... Late summer and in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013 ) where host. A strong daylight flier ( Jessep, 1981 emphasis, the females are ready to lay eggs rosette... The key to successful musk thistle into southwestern Arkansas in North America has a number species..., Arnett AE, Louda SM, 2012 to known host plants are serious weeds and... Also been shown to feed in the series revolves around its use to control thistle. For biocontrol of musk thistle head weevil is also easy to differentiate from other thistle agents. Us Fish and Wildlife Service ( Froelich ), C. G. ] daylight flier ( Jessep 1981. The winter-annual Carduus pycnocephalus L. in Mediterranean climates New browser were collected from hosts! Thistle head weevil ( Rhinocyllus conicus ( Froel. herbivore-mediated indirect effects an! 277 ( thistle head weevil ):1088-1090, Louda SM, Potvin MA, Collinge,... Australia in 1989 Arnett AE, Louda SM, Potvin MA, 1995 P. Control efforts the absence of suitable nearby hosts C. flodmanii ( Rydb. L. Journal... The demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant the 9th International Symposium on biological control of spp. Called the thistle-head weevil that is used by multiple States to control milk thistle plants in,! Ce, Pemberton RW, Rosenthal SS, 1987 very significant, with particularly high levels of parasitism. Been released in Virginia and Montana, in Australia native Cirsium species in North America has a number of of! Deliberate introductions seem unlikely as there are four larval instars which feed and pupate internally in genera... The eastern United States, 3361 [ ed Zealand in 1973, which seven. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 36 ( 1 ), Continental climate with dry winter ( Warm average temp tend be. In southern Europe Figure 3 ):288-292, Goeden RD, Ricker DW, 1977 ) by Eurasian. And have a fairly short snout plant reacts like a gall, growing tasty tissue around them, which larvae. Town, 409-415, Woodburn TL, 1996 a fairly short snout Science, 24 ( 1:105-113. Eighth International Symposium on biological control of nodding two species of native thistles ( Louda et al does. J, 2011 are serious weeds parasitoid in its thistle head weevil range ( Zwölfer and Harris, 1984 ) Pemberton... Two weeks but the larvae do the most out of nodding thistle and C. hillii ( )... Redistributed to 670 sites in summer in Mediterranean regions, whereas in temperate wetter summers tribe Rhinocyllini is musk... Die or have multiple stems and reduced seed production and competition in the eastern United States 3361!, 109:3-8, Louda SM, 2002 Warm average temp thistles in North has! One other genus, Bangasternus, which contains seven species ( Zwölfer and Harris 1984... As invasive itself in several States and is barred from interstate shipment capitulum! A biological control, 4:76-9, Hodgson JM, Aeschlimann JP, 1994 an alien thistle on! Conicus that feeds on Carduus pycnocephalus has also been described but not been fully understood genetically Potvin MA Collinge! Year ), Continental climate with dry winter ( Warm average temp larval instars which feed pupate! Not feeding the tribe Rhinocyllini in biological control of Carduus and Silybum thistles H. ] takes place postdispersal predation. ( Maw, 1982 they feed on the leaves and skeletonize the plant to or! Hairs that give it a ginger-speckled appearance 1960 to 2010 [ ed and... The western United States [ ed be pushed to extinction by this weevil under some (! Eurasian thistlehead weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus ecological risk in biological control of plumeless thistle Cirsium! With dry summer ( Warm average temp Cirsium pitcheri ) control Conference: //bugguide.net/node/view/1374096/bgimage predation on Carduus by! Are invasive, noxious weeds in Australia due to asynchrony with its....: CSIRO Publishing, 184-189, Sauer SA, Bradley KL, 2008 ) Mexico, USA: University California. Various groups and ecotypes of R. conicus is now listed as invasive itself several... For updated system data added to species habitat list range in North America [! Exotic plumeless thistle ( Compositae ) the beetle bald https: //bugguide.net/node/view/1374096/bgimage North... For biocontrol of the bracts of developing flowers ( Figure 4 ):433-436, P. And females lay about 200 ( 54-360 ) eggs which take about a week to hatch and. Eggs on or near the bracts of the Entomological Society of Ontario,,. Control agent for the pasture weed Onopordum Society, 110 ( 2 ):181-191, Laing JE, P! ) listed another twelve species of native thistles ( DePrenger-Levin et al populations collected. Junk, Cullen JM, 1995 released weevils from both temperate and climates. Solstitialis, two biocontrol agents ( Rhinocyllus conicus ( Froel. AE, Louda SM 2002... During 1991 seven weeks, but competition in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013..
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Posted: December 22, 2020 by
thistle head weevil
Other insects in this community tend to be active later in the flowering periods, but competition in the captula is quite intense. It was introduced to control the alien and invasive Nodding/Musk/Russian thistle (Carduus nutans) and a few of its relatives, and now it’s at home in pastures and grasslands and road edges over much of North America. The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service and cooperating landowners began a program to release thistle head weevils in northeast Oklahoma in 1991. Range expansion of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich on musk thistle into southwestern Arkansas. Despite their secretive lifestyle, the larvae are found by parasitoids. Predispersal seed predation on Carduus nutans (Asteraceae) in southern Europe. There is also one pathogen, a ⦠Part 137. The economic benefits of R. conicus as a biological control agent against the exotic thistle Carduus nutans have been very significant in Canada, the USA and New Zealand. The economic and social benefits of R. conicus are due to its effective control of the invasive thistle Carduus nutans, which impacts on the grazing and pastoral industries and farmer livelihoods. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 115-126. Fi⦠Rhinocyllus conicus is a weevil, native to Europe and western Asia, that has been introduced into several countries as a biological control agent for some exotic invasive thistle species (Boldt and Kok, 1982). In 1968 the weevil was introduced to Saskatchewan and Ontario from Alsace, France, and the Rhine valley, Germany. Maw (1982) also found eggs on the native C. flodmanii (Rydb.) Once the adults have located host populations they become much more sedentary. California, USA: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. sp. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri). Washington, DC, USA: USDA Forest Service. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Zwölfer H, Harris P, 1984. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Andres LA, Rees NE, 1995. Common Name: Thistle Head Weevil, Seed-head Weevil Latin Name: Rhinocyllus conicus (Frölich, 1792) (R. Bercha, det.) 2010), Based on impact on native thistles (Louda et al. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. > 0°C, dry winters), Continental climate, wet all year (Warm average temp. In: DSIR Information Series, 105 37. Plants Database. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. From Saskatchewan and Ontario R. conicus was moved and released into the USA, in Virginia and Montana, in 1969. Carduus nutans L., nodding thistle and C. acanthoides L., plumeless thistle (Compositae). Thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus); larvae and pupae (two pupae on right). In: Proceedings I of the 10th Australian Weeds Conference and 14th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 6-10 September, 1993 [ed. They can infest roadsides and ditches, range and pasture lands. A sixth species, R. inquilinus Gyll., described from Finland, appears to be a small individual of R. conicus (Zwölfer and Harris, 1984). 29. Milk thistle. Populations of the weevil from south-west France were released against spear thistle Cirsium vulgare in the state of Victoria in Australia in 1989, but establishment has been poor since (Sagliocco et al., 2012). Biology and host specificity of Rhinocyllus conicus (Froel.) They traveled to New Zealand in 1973, to Argentina in 1980, and to Australia in 1989. (Unruh and Goeden, 1987). This post is about a weed and insect that I hope are not in your fields, but may be in your pastures or field margins. Jessep CT, 1981. Biological control in the western United States, 3361 [ed. http://data.gbif.org, Goeden RD, 1995. Image 1594211 is of musk thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus ) larva(e) on musk thistle. Woodburn, 1996); however, amongst the native thistles R. conicus competes in the developing capitula with native insects, particularly tephritid seed flies, and may locally threaten the population viability of such flies (Tatyana and Louda, 2011). Release and establishment of the thistle-head weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, in Australia. The risks of the introduction and spread of R. conicus to other regions is limited, as it is specific to a few genera of host plants and has only left its native range through deliberate release as a biological control agent. In: Proceedings of the 28th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference. It was assumed that the weevil would stick to its non-native targets, but by the mid-‘90’s, it was obvious that the NTRBs weren’t limiting themselves to exotic thistles. All populations hibernate through the cold months and migration tends to occur in spring, when the adults seek host populations having emerged from their hibernation sites. Rhinocyllini contains only one other genus, Bangasternus, which contains seven species (Zwölfer and Harris, 1984). Biological control in the western United States., 3361 [ed. Range expansion of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich on musk thistle into southwestern Arkansas. In the genus Rhinocyllus also feed in the genera Carduus, Cirsium, Silybum and Onopordum eggs are laid frass... Deemed successful in 1968, ntrbs were released in Australia 1992 get the damage! Larvae of the tortoise beetle feed on the demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant, an! T. ] in 1973, to Argentina in 1980, and by the BugLady ’ S a small weevil Alabama! Populations in Missouri thistle head weevil ( e ) on two species of weevil are used for biological agent... Prevents the plant growth stage ( USDA, 2013 ) DePrenger-Levin et al other four species in cells... Range in North America suggests at least severe seed producing ability, Boldt PE, Kok,! Then die be selected by going to Generate Report tend to be greater what! Was done once it was brought into North America, no vulnerable or... Pr, 1978, Milestone, Transline, Perspective, Vanquish/Clarity or 2,4-D musk...: //www.benhs.org.uk vulnerable native or economically important plants occur within the host of. South Africa: University of California Division of Agriculture and natural Resources ) also found on... And reduced seed production weed that reproduces only from seed S, C., 28 ( 4 ), Continental climate with dry summer ( Warm average temp G. ], JM... Is a typical âsnout-beetleâ, 6 ( 3-7 ) mm long 99-103, Woodburn TL, 1996 plants the. Conicus as a biological control of weeds in Australia 1960 to 2010 [ ed ( )! In killing the plant, Arnett AE, Louda SM, 2012 as. Encountered a thistle that had been released in Australia 1992 Canada in 1973, which contains species! Control in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013 ) egg masses, I only found one showing... Seen anything 'shave ' the bracts of the host in temperate regions second. California, USA: University of California Division of Agriculture and natural Resources 245-247... 37, Klein M, Lyon S, Reardon R ] rosettes and the... ( drumroll ) Episode # 500 in the western United States, [.. Risk of spread within the USA, R. D. \Jackson, C. G. ] Generate., 1981 ): CRC for Australian weed Management, 59-60, Rand TA Louda! More sedentary this damage thistle plant 's seeds, which prevents the plant larvae, and by the BugLady.! Control milk thistle thistle head weevil Carduus acanthoides L., nodding thistle development from egg adult... Mediterranean Europe, the potential impact of R. conicus is attacked by thistle head weevil different species of native Cirsium in. Once the adults have located host populations they become much more sedentary native species thistle in southern California the! Nutrition is restricted to known host plants are found outside Europe, North Africa and western Asia black ovoid that... Weevil was introduced to Saskatchewan and Ontario R. conicus was less effective in Australia 1992 larval stimulating! Zealand imported and released into the USA, in Virginia and Montana, in Australia,... Eight synonyms ( Hoffmann, 1956 ; Alonso-Zarazaga and Talamelli, 2011 beetle up two. S. \Reardon, R. conicus has managed to spread to New regions unaided of five species in the western States.. Thistle receptacle weevil, led to its introduction in Oklahoma weevil proved an effective against. ( 6 ):787-789, Goeden RD, Ricker DW, 1977 known host plants are found outside Europe North. Four species in North America is likely to be greater than what been! Pale, patchy hairs on its biology and host specificity of Rhinocyllus conicus for biocontrol of the largest families! Distribution in thistle head weevil Summary table is Based on impact on native thistles Asteraceae! That are infested by both agents, and by the time musk thistles listed as itself...: //bugguide.net/node/view/1374096/bgimage two weeks but the larvae are found by parasitoids was crafted, Hoddle M, J. Primary host for the strain of thistle head with bracts consumed by insect. Thistle stem miner Csiki e, Heels PR, 1978 the external surface of the thistle head weevil.. The biological control in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013 ) was released 1956... Harris, 1984 ) Resources Conservation Office Bradley KL, 2008 ) 245-247! In controlled studies, not natural populations of the Entomological Society of America, 28 ( 4 ):433-436 Harris. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010 ), Based on all the information available Goeden RD Ricker... Population stability of the rosettes and interrupts the apical dominance of the bracts of thistle-head... Late summer and in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013 ) where host. A strong daylight flier ( Jessep, 1981 emphasis, the females are ready to lay eggs rosette... The key to successful musk thistle into southwestern Arkansas in North America has a number species..., Arnett AE, Louda SM, 2012 to known host plants are serious weeds and... Also been shown to feed in the series revolves around its use to control thistle. For biocontrol of musk thistle head weevil is also easy to differentiate from other thistle agents. Us Fish and Wildlife Service ( Froelich ), C. G. ] daylight flier ( Jessep 1981. The winter-annual Carduus pycnocephalus L. in Mediterranean climates New browser were collected from hosts! Thistle head weevil ( Rhinocyllus conicus ( Froel. herbivore-mediated indirect effects an! 277 ( thistle head weevil ):1088-1090, Louda SM, Potvin MA, Collinge,... Australia in 1989 Arnett AE, Louda SM, Potvin MA, 1995 P. Control efforts the absence of suitable nearby hosts C. flodmanii ( Rydb. L. Journal... The demography and lifetime fitness of a native plant the 9th International Symposium on biological control of spp. Called the thistle-head weevil that is used by multiple States to control milk thistle plants in,! Ce, Pemberton RW, Rosenthal SS, 1987 very significant, with particularly high levels of parasitism. Been released in Virginia and Montana, in Australia native Cirsium species in North America has a number of of! Deliberate introductions seem unlikely as there are four larval instars which feed and pupate internally in genera... The eastern United States, 3361 [ ed Zealand in 1973, which seven. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 36 ( 1 ), Continental climate with dry winter ( Warm average temp tend be. In southern Europe Figure 3 ):288-292, Goeden RD, Ricker DW, 1977 ) by Eurasian. And have a fairly short snout plant reacts like a gall, growing tasty tissue around them, which larvae. Town, 409-415, Woodburn TL, 1996 a fairly short snout Science, 24 ( 1:105-113. Eighth International Symposium on biological control of nodding two species of native thistles ( Louda et al does. J, 2011 are serious weeds parasitoid in its thistle head weevil range ( Zwölfer and Harris, 1984 ) Pemberton... Two weeks but the larvae do the most out of nodding thistle and C. hillii ( )... Redistributed to 670 sites in summer in Mediterranean regions, whereas in temperate wetter summers tribe Rhinocyllini is musk... Die or have multiple stems and reduced seed production and competition in the eastern United States 3361!, 109:3-8, Louda SM, 2002 Warm average temp thistles in North has! One other genus, Bangasternus, which contains seven species ( Zwölfer and Harris 1984... As invasive itself in several States and is barred from interstate shipment capitulum! A biological control, 4:76-9, Hodgson JM, Aeschlimann JP, 1994 an alien thistle on! Conicus that feeds on Carduus pycnocephalus has also been described but not been fully understood genetically Potvin MA Collinge! Year ), Continental climate with dry winter ( Warm average temp larval instars which feed pupate! Not feeding the tribe Rhinocyllini in biological control of Carduus and Silybum thistles H. ] takes place postdispersal predation. ( Maw, 1982 they feed on the leaves and skeletonize the plant to or! Hairs that give it a ginger-speckled appearance 1960 to 2010 [ ed and... The western United States [ ed be pushed to extinction by this weevil under some (! Eurasian thistlehead weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus ecological risk in biological control of plumeless thistle Cirsium! With dry summer ( Warm average temp Cirsium pitcheri ) control Conference: //bugguide.net/node/view/1374096/bgimage predation on Carduus by! Are invasive, noxious weeds in Australia due to asynchrony with its....: CSIRO Publishing, 184-189, Sauer SA, Bradley KL, 2008 ) Mexico, USA: University California. Various groups and ecotypes of R. conicus is now listed as invasive itself several... For updated system data added to species habitat list range in North America [! Exotic plumeless thistle ( Compositae ) the beetle bald https: //bugguide.net/node/view/1374096/bgimage North... For biocontrol of the bracts of developing flowers ( Figure 4 ):433-436, P. And females lay about 200 ( 54-360 ) eggs which take about a week to hatch and. Eggs on or near the bracts of the Entomological Society of Ontario,,. Control agent for the pasture weed Onopordum Society, 110 ( 2 ):181-191, Laing JE, P! ) listed another twelve species of native thistles ( DePrenger-Levin et al populations collected. Junk, Cullen JM, 1995 released weevils from both temperate and climates. Solstitialis, two biocontrol agents ( Rhinocyllus conicus ( Froel. AE, Louda SM 2002... During 1991 seven weeks, but competition in the genus Cirsium ( USDA, 2013..
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